JC
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In the main text we consider the dynamic hairpins of PE. Their simultaneous use with verbal indications, which apparently bear the same meaning, is characteristic for Chopin. The 
signs generally refer to the changes of melodic line, whereas verbal indications – to the entire sound; therefore, they can differ in their range and even in the direction of the indicated change. Cf. the note concerning bar 64.
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notation: Articulation, Accents, Hairpins